CAUSES OF MIGRATION
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EFFECTS AND PROBLEMS FACED BY MIGRANT WOMEN
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RESPONSES BY GOs/NGOs
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ECONOMY
- Industrialization created an increased need for cheap labor
- Exploitation of land and natural resources forced movement from rural areas
- Dry season forces seasonal migration in order to augment family income
SOCIAL
- Desired change of income, occupation or social mobility
- Poverty and low educational attainment forced women into unskilled labor
POLITICAL
- Militarization
- Government projects such as reforestation
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Although supposedly beneficial to the economy, there are several effects to the women involved:
- Separation from the family
- Emotional and psychological trauma due to maltreatment
- Physical health problems including AIDs
- Loss of self respect and feelings of guilt and shame because of prostitution
- Migrant women are at the mercy of their agents
- Gender bias in jobs
- Difficulty in saving money because of high cost of living and consumerism
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- Grouping within the community provides support in times of crisis
NGOs
- Education and information
- Support for local economic schemes
- Campaigning at policy level to stop environmental destruction
- Information dissemination to foreign "friends"
GOs
- Provide vocational training
- Increase opportunities for higher education
- Expand health services
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- Poverty
- Job benefits
- Exciting, fast-paced lifestyle in the city
- An attraction to western culture and ideas which seem to be an acceptable norm in a fast growing economy
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- Many young women are duped into prostitution by family or friends
- Media plays a role in perpetuating the mail-order bride phenomena by portraying women as sweet, submissive and seductive
- Health risks
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- Lack of communication
- Low educational level
- Rampant alcoholism
- Insufficient crops to feed families
- No employment opportunities
- Consumerism
- Parents selling their female children into prostitution
- Poverty
- Lack of employment opportunities
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- Poverty
- Desire to earn money to help families
- Desire to improve way of life
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- Cultural breakdown
- Physical and mental trauma
- 'Under the table recruitment'= illegal status
- Migrant women cannot voice out their protest
- Vulnerable to exploitation
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- Cultural and communication differences leading to breakdown of marriage
- Problems with in-laws
- Physical violence
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- Prostitution illegalized
- Pimps, customers and guardians who sell their children into prostitution are penalized
- Law passed stating that girls will not be returned to unfit guardians
- Educational lectures on the dangers of living in the city
- Support group providing for:
Language classes
Labor laws
Chinese culture and society
- Financial assistance for medical needs
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